Skip to main content

Exodus 27-30



Given my comments on the mythic nature of the first eleven chapters of Genesis, one might wonder where exactly the Bible becomes historical. This section in Exodus is certainly a clear example of a historical narrative. As Friedman says, “The quantity of detail in these chapters is an indication that these are authentic descriptions of the Tabernacle and its accouterments.”[1] Unfortunately, for most readers today, these chapters are also overwhelmingly boring. Stories are so much more interesting!
However, there are some interesting points that arise out of these otherwise dry descriptions of the temple furnishings and the clothing for the priests. In Exodus 28:2 we read, “And you shall make holy clothes for Aaron, your brother, for glory and for beauty.” This suggests to me that God is interested in beauty. Thus, is it not amazing that some Christians seem to have no interest in beauty whatsoever, or even think it dangerous?
Friedman writes, “Beauty inspires. Building beautiful places for the practice of religion is a valuable thing. Of course this does not mean building great edifices at the expense of the starving masses, nor does it mean focusing on the outer trappings and missing the content and spirit that they serve. There must be balance—wisdom. But we must recognize the value of art and beauty: the building, the priests’ clothing, the music, the smells, the tastes. Religion is not the enemy of the senses.”[2]
Some Christians, congregations, denominations, and traditions within Christianity need to recover the beautiful for the advancement of ritual, so that we will be led closer to the most beautiful one, the Lord. Of course, some segments of Christianity have never lost the sense of the importance of beauty to the practice of religion. I think here of the Orthodox, the Catholic and the Anglican branches of the Church. Personally, I think the Anglican Church is especially good at creating beautiful buildings, liturgy, music, vestments, and more. It seems strange that C. S. Lewis seldom, if ever, recognized this. Perhaps he was so immersed in the Anglican tradition that the beauty of it compared to other traditions was lost on him. Or maybe Anglican buildings, music, liturgy, etc., did not appeal to his own personal yearning for beauty as much as certain landscapes, literature, and “secular” music did. However, Lewis did recognize the importance of ritual and thus the Lewis quote from this section is very apt:
When our participation in a rite becomes perfect we think no more of ritual, but are engrossed by that about which the rite is performed; but afterwards we recognise that ritual was the sole method by which this concentration could be achieved. (A Preface to “Paradise Lost”)
A sense of mystery is also important to religious ritual. The Urim and Tummim mentioned in Exodus 28 are in fact so mysterious that scholars are not certain today exactly what they were, other than being “a mechanism other than prophecy to learn the will of God.”[3]
Friedman notes,
After the destruction of the first Temple in Jerusalem and the loss of the ark, tablets, Tabernacle, and Urim and Tummim, much of the feeling for the sacred must have been lost. And since the destruction of the second Temple, our sense of the sacred has diminished even more. So it has become ever harder to comprehend this aspect of the biblical world and to appreciate the power and awe that were associated with sacred objects, sacred places, and the priesthood.[4]
I think this is an especially insightful comment, with application to Christians today. I believe we need to recover a sense of mystery and awe in our worship, in our religious ritual, and as I have pointed out above, I think some traditions within the Church are better at this than others.
Another interesting point should be noted about Exodus 28:41. Here the Hebrew word msh is used in reference to anointing the priests. The English form of this word is “messiah”. Later, this word is used in regard to the kings. Saul and David are each called “messiah” (1 Samuel 12:3; 24:7; 2 Samuel 19:22). Later Jewish ideas of the coming messiah developed out of this anointing of kings. Of course, as Christians, we view Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah, our great prophet, priest, and king.
In Exodus 29, we get an interesting picture of holiness. Anyone who touches the altar in the Tabernacle will be holy. Holiness can spread from an inanimate object to an animate one. As we will see in Leviticus, impurity can spread by contact as well. Friedman notes, “Holiness is a powerful condition related to closeness to the divine.”[5]
In Exodus 30, I find the idea of a potential plague associated with a census intriguing. Friedman asks,
Why would there be a plague when the Israelites are being counted? In biblical Israel a census is regarded as a negative thing. It gives a central leader control: for conscription, corvee (forced labor), and taxation. When King David takes a census, the result is a plague (2 Samuel 24). And so here a ransom must be taken for everyone counted in the census so there will not be a plague.[6]
This suggests to me that the author or editor of this passage in Exodus was aware of the later plague associated with David’s census. Thus, perhaps, this is one indication that the book of Exodus reached its final form after the time of David.



[1] Friedman, Commentary on the Torah, 264
[2] Ibid, 266
[3] Ibid, 268
[4] Ibid, 269
[5] Ibid, 273
[6] Ibid, 275

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

C. S. Lewis on Homosexuality

Arthur Greeves In light of recent developments in the United States on the issue of gay marriage, I thought it would be interesting to revisit what C. S. Lewis thought about homosexuality. Lewis, who died in 1963, never wrote about same-sex marriage, but he did write, occasionally, about the topic of homosexuality in general. In the following I am quoting from my book, Mere Theology: A Guide to the Thought of C. S. Lewis . For detailed references and footnotes, you may obtain a copy from Amazon, your local library, or by clicking on the book cover at the right.... In Surprised by Joy , Lewis claimed that homosexuality was a vice to which he was never tempted and that he found opaque to the imagination. For this reason he refused to say anything too strongly against the pederasty that he encountered at Malvern College, where he attended school from the age of fifteen to sixteen. Lewis did not rate pederasty as the greatest evil of the school because he felt the cruelty displa

Fact, Faith, Feeling

"Now Faith, in the sense in which I am here using the word, is the art of holding on to things your reason has once accepted, in spite of your changing moods. For moods will change, whatever view your reason takes. I know that by experience. Now that I am a Christian I do have moods in which the whole thing looks very improbable: but when I was an atheist I had moods in which Christianity looked terribly probable. This rebellion of your moods against your real self is going to come anyway. That is why Faith is such a necessary virtue: unless you teach your moods 'where to get off', you can never be either a sound Christian or even a sound atheist, but just a creature dithering to and fro, with its beliefs really dependent on the weather and the state of its digestion. Consequently one must train the habit of Faith." Mere Christianity Many years ago, when I was a young Christian, I remember seeing the graphic illustration above of what C. S. Lewis has, here, so

C. S. Lewis Tour--London

The final two days of our C. S. Lewis Tour of Ireland & England were spent in London. Upon our arrival we enjoyed a panoramic tour of the city that included Westminster Abbey. A number of our tour participants chose to tour the inside of the Abbey where they were able to view the new C. S. Lewis plaque in Poets' Corner. Though London was not one of Lewis' favorite places to visit, there are a number of locations associated with him. One which I have noted in my new book,  In the Footsteps of C. S. Lewis , is Endsleigh Palace Hospital (25 Gordon Street, London) where Lewis recovered from his wounds received during the First World War.... Not too far away from this location is King's College, part of the University of London, located on the Strand, just off the River Thames. This is the location where Lewis gave the annual commemoration oration entitled The Inner Ring  on 14 December 1944.... C. S. Lewis occasionally attended theatrical events in London.

The Shepherds' Perspective on Christmas

On December 21, 2015, the following headline appeared in the International Business Times: “Bethlehem Christmas 2015 Cancelled”. To be fully accurate, religious celebrations of Jesus’ birth went forward last year in Bethlehem, but many of the secular celebrations of Christmas that usually surround it were toned down due to instability in the area. Looking back a decade, there was even one year when Christian Arabs canceled community celebrations of Christmas in support of the Palestinian uprising. However, the Jewish government would have no part of that, so the Israeli military sponsored its own holiday celebrations in the area. It is also interesting to note who celebrated the first Christmas and who didn’t. The first Christmas was not celebrated by the emperor Caesar Augustus, nor Quirinius, the governor of Syria, nor was it celebrated by the lowly innkeeper. But Christmas was celebrated by a few lonely shepherds along with Joseph and Mary and the angels of heaven. How

A Prayer at Ground Zero

Does the Bible mention treating animals with kindness?

When I solicited questions to be addressed in this series, a member of the congregation wrote this to me: “Animals are mentioned in the Bible as beasts of burden and sacrificial animals.  Is there any mention of treating animals with kindness?” The short answer to that question is: yes. However, it is important to note that what the Bible says about caring for animals comes in the midst of a great narrative. It is a narrative of  Creation, Fall, and Redemption.  Let’s look at these three great acts in the narrative play of world history one by one. First, let’s look at creation. Creation At the very beginning of the Bible, in the book of Genesis, chapter 1, verses 26 through 28, we read this: Then God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, according to our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the wild animals of the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the

Christmas Day Thought from Henri Nouwen

" I keep thinking about the Christmas scene that Anthony arranged under the altar. This probably is the most meaningful "crib" I have ever seen. Three small woodcarved figures made in India: a poor woman, a poor man, and a small child between them. The carving is simple, nearly primitive. No eyes, no ears, no mouths, just the contours of the faces. The figures are smaller than a human hand - nearly too small to attract attention at all. "But then - a beam of light shines on the three figures and projects large shadows on the wall of the sanctuary. That says it all. The light thrown on the smallness of Mary, Joseph, and the Child projects them as large, hopeful shadows against the walls of our life and our world. "While looking at the intimate scene we already see the first outlines of the majesty and glory they represent. While witnessing the most human of human events, I see the majesty of God appearing on the horizon of my existence. While

C. S. Lewis on Church Attendance

A friend's blog written yesterday ( http://wesroberts.typepad.com/ ) got me thinking about C. S. Lewis's experience of the church. I wrote this in a comment on Wes Robert's blog: It is interesting to note that C. S. Lewis attended the same small church for over thirty years. The experience was nothing spectacular on a weekly basis. For most of those years Lewis didn't care much for the sermons; he even sat behind a pillar so that the priest would not see the expression on his face. He attended the service without music because he so disliked hymns. And he left right after holy communion was served probably because he didn't like to engage in small talk with other parishioners after the service. But that life-long obedience in the same direction shaped Lewis in a way that nothing else could. Lewis was once asked, "Is attendance at a place of worship or membership with a Christian community necessary to a Christian way of life?" His answer w

Sheldon Vanauken Remembered

A good crowd gathered at the White Hart Cafe in Lynchburg, Virginia on Saturday, February 7 for a powerpoint presentation I gave on the life and work of Sheldon Vanauken. Van, as he was known to family and friends, was best known as the author of A Severe Mercy , the autobiography of his love relationship with his wife Jean "Davy" Palmer Davis. While living in Oxford, England in the early 1950's, Van and Davy came to faith in Christ through the influence of C. S. Lewis. Van was a professor of history and English literature at Lynchburg College from 1948 until his retirement around 1980. A Severe Mercy tells the story of Davy's death from a mysterious liver ailment in 1955 and Van's subsequent dealing with grief. Van himself died from cancer in 1996. It was my privilege to know Van for a brief period of time during the last year of his life. However, present at the White Hart on February 7 were some who knew Van far better than I did--Floyd Newman, one of Van&

Glenmerle

Glenmerle in the 1950s In 2013 I published a biography on one of my favorite authors, Sheldon Vanauken. If you are interested, you can learn more and/or purchase a signed copy here:  Signed Copy  or an unsigned copy here:  Amazon . One of the things that got me writing the book was my search for the location of Glenmerle, Vanauken's childhood home, so lovingly described in his book, A Severe Mercy . A visit to Van's alma mater, Staunton Military Academy, alerted me to the fact that Van grew up in Carmel, Indiana. Then, with the help of a local historian, we identified the location of Glenmerle.  Because Van had suggested, in my first conversation with him, that Glenmerle was destroyed, I naturally assumed that the house no longer existed. However, another one of Van's fans recently contacted me to let me know that she believed she had found Glenmerle still in existence. I was able to look up the house on a real estate web site and compare current interior photos o