I would like to highlight
for you seven aspects of the passion narrative of Jesus from John 19:16-42....
First, there is the timing of the Passion.
As William Barclay points
out, John gives us a different picture of the timing of the Passion from the
Synoptic Gospels. Barclay writes,
Undoubtedly
Mark wished to show the Last Supper as a Passover meal and that Jesus was
crucified on Passover day; and Matthew and Luke follow Mark.
On
the other hand John is quite clear that Jesus was crucified on the day before the Passover….
There
is here a contradiction for which there is no compromise solution. Either the
Synoptic gospels are correct or John is. Scholars are much divided. But it
seems most likely that the Synoptics are correct. John was always looking for
hidden meanings. In his story Jesus is crucified at somewhere near the sixth
hour (Jn 19:14). It was just then that in the Temple the Passover lambs were
being killed. By far the likeliest thing is that John dated things in order that
Jesus would be crucified at exactly the same time as the Passover lambs were
being killed, so that he might be seen as the great Passover Lamb who saved his
people and took away the sins of the world. It seems that the Synoptic gospels
are right in fact, while John is right in truth; and John was always more
interested in eternal truth than in mere historic fact.
A second thing I would like to point out is the
Notice of the Passion.
Pilate had a notice
fastened to the cross, proclaiming Jesus’ crime: his claim to be the King of
the Jews. The Jewish leaders wanted Pilate to spell out the fact that this was
just a claim, not a fact. However, Pilate refused to budge.
What I think is striking
is that this notice was written in Aramaic, Latin and Greek. Aramaic was the
language of the Jews and, in a sense, represents religion. Latin was the
language of law and government for the Roman Empire. Greek was the everyday
language of that empire and represented the world of culture and beauty in form
and in thought.
Jesus came to fulfill the
hopes of all three of these: the worlds of culture, government, and religion.
He also came to redeem all three of these worlds, for all of them, including
religion, go astray without him.
A third thing to notice in this passage is the
Gamble of the Passion.
At the foot of the cross,
the soldiers cast lots to see who would get Jesus’ seamless undergarment. This
was the case because there were four soldiers and five articles of clothing to
divide. Every Jew in Jesus’ day wore shoes, a turban, a girdle, a tunic and an
outer robe.
The soldiers were
gamblers, but Jesus was too. Studdert Kennedy once wrote the following poem:
And, sitting down, they watched him there,
The soldiers did;
There, while they played at dice,
He made his sacrifice,
And died upon his Cross to rid
God’s world of sin.
He was a gambler, too, my Christ.
He took his life and threw
It for a world redeemed.
And ere the agony was done,
Before the westering sun went down,
Crowning that day with its crimson crown,
He knew that he had won.
The soldiers gambled for
Jesus’ garment; Jesus gambled for people’s souls. Furthermore, there is a sense
also in which every Christian is a gambler. We bet our lives on the belief that
Jesus was, and is, the Son of God, that he died for sinners, and that he truly
rose up again from the grave.
Fourth, we must take notice of the Companions of
the Passion.
There were four women at
the cross. One was Jesus’ mother Mary. Simeon had prophesied to Mary at the
beginning of Jesus’ life, “And a sword will pierce your own soul too.” (Luke
2:35) Certainly, as the sword pierced Jesus’ body, it also pierced Mary’s soul.
Mary suffered at least as much as any mother who has lost a child, perhaps more
because of the horrific nature of Jesus’ death and the contrasting goodness she
knew belonged to her son.
The second woman
mentioned at the cross was Mary’s sister, Jesus’ aunt. In the Gospel of John,
she does not have a name. However, when one studies the parallel passages in
Mark 15:40 and Matthew 27:56, it is clear that her name is Salome and that she
is the mother of Jesus’ disciples, James and John.
On one occasion, Jesus
gave a very stern answer to his aunt. Salome had asked Jesus if her sons could
sit on his right and on his left in his kingdom. Jesus told her she had no idea
what she was asking. Then he asked a counter question of James and John, “Can
you drink the cup I am going to drink?” (Matthew 20:20 ff.) Now Salome was
seeing the very bitter cup that Jesus had to drink.
The third woman at the
cross we know nothing about: Mary the wife of Clopas.
However, the fourth woman
at the cross we know a little bit more about. Her name was Mary Magdalene, and
according to Mark 16:9 and Luke 8:2, Jesus drove seven demons out of her. No
wonder she followed Jesus all the way to the cross! She could never forget the
great thing he had done for her.
The final companion of
Jesus we see at the cross is “the disciple whom Jesus loved”. By the end of
this Gospel, we will learn that this is John, the son of Zebedee and Salome,
the cousin of Jesus and the author of this Gospel.
Right through to the end
of his life, Jesus was not thinking about himself, but about others. He knew
someone would need to care for his mother Mary. He entrusted that job to his
beloved cousin John, even while he was suffering great physical torment on the
cross.
Fifth, there is the Culmination of the Passion.
John continues to show
us, as he has from the beginning of the Gospel, Jesus’ full humanity as well as
his full divinity, Jesus’ suffering and his triumph. We see Jesus’ full
humanity in his words: “I am thirsty.” We see Jesus’ triumph in his words: “It
is finished.”
That last phrase is one
word in Greek: “tetelestai”. In those days, a merchant would stamp this word on
a bill, when the customer had paid in full. Jesus paid in full for all of our
sins. When he died on the cross, he knew his work was complete.
Sixth, we see in this passage the importance of
the Blood of the Passion.
John sees in all the
events of the Passion a fulfillment of various Hebrew Scriptures, but he also
most likely saw a special significance to the blood and water that he saw flow
from Jesus’ side when the Roman soldier pierced it with his sword.
On the physical side of
things, the reason for the blood and water flowing out of Jesus’ body was that
his heart had ruptured and the blood mingled with the fluid of the pericardium.
The sword must have pierced the pericardium and thus “blood and water” flowed
out. Once again, this emphasizes the full humanity of Jesus as well as the fact
that he really died on the cross, something that some people down through
history have amazingly questioned.
However, William Barclay
suggest that there was also a spiritual meaning in this for John:
It
was a symbol of the two great sacraments of the Church. There is one sacrament
which is based on water—baptism; and there is one which is based on blood—the
Lord’s Supper with its cup of blood-red wine. The water of baptism is the sign
of the cleansing grace of God in Jesus Christ; the wine of the Lord’s Supper is
the symbol of the blood which was shed to save men from their sins.
We sing about this in the
great hymn:
Rock of ages, cleft for me,
Let me hide myself in thee;
Let the water and the blood,
From thy wounded side which flowed,
Be of sin the double cure,
Save from wrath and make me pure.
Finally, we come to the Burial after the Passion.
Two more great characters
come into play here: Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus. Both were members of
the Sanhedrin, the Jewish Ruling Council. Both, apparently, were secret
followers of Jesus. Nicodemus we have seen before, approaching Jesus under
cover of darkness and asking how a man might be born again.
Now we see both men
beginning just such a new life, taking bold steps of courage and openly
declaring their love for our Lord. Joseph does this by asking permission from
Pilate to bury Jesus’ body and using his own tomb for the purpose. Nicodemus
shows his devotion to the Master by bringing the linens and spices to embalm
the body.
As someone once said, “It
is not possible to be a secret disciple of Jesus. Either the secrecy kills the
discipleship or the discipleship kills the secrecy.” Thankfully, in the case of
Joseph and Nicodemus, discipleship overcame secrecy, shyness, and fear.
The power of Jesus’
passion does that to people. Jesus prophesied that it would. He said, “And I,
when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” (John
12:32)
When I was twelve years old, I heard Robert Schuller on
television preach a message about forgiveness that changed my life. I
understood for the first time that Jesus had died for me. For the first time in
my life, I felt forgiven of my sin. That day I felt like I was floating on air.
The love of Jesus, demonstrated for me on the cross, made me want to follow
Jesus for the rest of my life. And that is what I have sought to do, though not
always as perfectly as I would like.
Has the power of Jesus’ passion changed your life?
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